Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships MCQs with Answers

adminJune 13, 2024Last Updated: October 15, 2024

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Welcome to the Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships MCQs with Answers. In this post, we have shared Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships Online Test for different competitive exams. Find practice Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships Practice Questions with answers in Biology Tests exams here. Each question offers a chance to enhance your knowledge regarding Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships.

That part of biology, which connects the study of how organisms evolve besides their relations, is known as phylogenetics. This area reconstructs the evolutionary history and species relationships through analyses carried out from genetic, morphological, and biochemical data. Besides explaining how different organisms share common ancestry, it explains their evolution over time.

Evolutionary relationships usually are represented as phylogenetic trees or cladograms and have reconstructed the patterns of branching of evolution. Trees show how species- or populations of species-have diverged over geological time from their common ancestors. Trees enable one to infer the sequence of evolutionary events and the relative timing of speciation events.

Molecular phylogenetics aims to trace through the course of evolution of species through DNA and protein sequences. Advances in genomics and bioinformatics have made filling in detailed genetic information relatively easier in constructing accurate phylogenetic trees.

Apart from tracing the evolutionary history, phylogenetics further aids in the description of species classification and taxonomy. It may also reveal many relationships; for instance, there may be ancestors in common for mammals or it might establish some relationship between plants and fungi on their basis of evolution.

Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships Online Quiz

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Test Name: Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships MCQ Quiz Practice
Type: Quiz Test
Total Questions: 40
Total Marks: 40
Time: 40 minutes

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Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships

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1 / 40

What is the name of the hypothesis that proposes that major evolutionary changes occur in sudden bursts rather than gradually?

Gradualism

Adaptive radiation

Punctuated equilibrium

2 / 40

Which evolutionary process involves the divergence of populations leading to new species?

Convergent evolution

Genetic drift

Speciation

3 / 40

Which type of homology is based on similarities due to common ancestry?

Analogous structures

Homologous structures

Vestigial structures

4 / 40

What is the term for a group of species that share a common ancestor but not all descendants?

Paraphyletic group

Monophyletic group

Polyphyletic group

5 / 40

What term describes the adaptation of an ancestral group of organisms to different ecological niches?

Convergent evolution

Adaptive radiation

Divergent evolution

6 / 40

Which concept explains why some traits persist in a population despite being disadvantageous?

Evolutionary constraint

Stabilizing selection

Genetic drift

7 / 40

Which scientist developed the binomial nomenclature system for naming species?

Carl Linnaeus

Gregor Mendel

Charles Darwin

8 / 40

Which concept states that changes in the phenotype of an organism during its lifetime are not inherited by offspring?

Mendelism

Darwinism

Lamarckism

9 / 40

Which method reconstructs evolutionary relationships based on shared similarities and differences in morphology?

Morphological phylogenetics

Molecular phylogenetics

Paleontology

10 / 40

Which molecular technique is commonly used to determine phylogenetic relationships among species?

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

DNA sequencing

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

11 / 40

What is the term for structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins?

Analogous structures

Vestigial structures

Homologous structures

12 / 40

What is the term for the study of the evolution of behavior, emphasizing the role of natural selection?

Ethology

Epidemiology

Ecology

13 / 40

What term describes the evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures?

Divergent evolution

Adaptive radiation

Convergent evolution

14 / 40

Which molecular clock hypothesis suggests that the rate of molecular evolution is constant over time?

Neutral theory

Rate constancy

Gradualism

15 / 40

Which type of molecular marker is used to infer phylogenetic relationships based on the order of DNA base pairs?

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

Restriction enzymes

Sequence data

16 / 40

What is the name of the concept that describes the evolutionary adaptation of species to specific ecological niches?

Coevolution

Genetic drift

Adaptive radiation

17 / 40

What is the name of the process by which species evolve in response to each other over time?

Adaptive radiation

Convergent evolution

Coevolution

18 / 40

Which scientist proposed the theory of natural selection?

Gregor Mendel

Charles Darwin

Linnaeus

19 / 40

Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range?

Disruptive selection

Directional selection

Stabilizing selection

20 / 40

What term describes the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time?

Biogeography

Epidemiology

Anthropology

21 / 40

What is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms called?

Genetics

Paleontology

Phylogenetics

22 / 40

Which evolutionary process involves the movement of individuals between populations, resulting in genetic mixing?

Genetic drift

Bottleneck effect

Gene flow

23 / 40

What term describes the geographic separation of populations, leading to reproductive isolation and speciation?

Sympatric speciation

Parapatric speciation

Allopatric speciation

24 / 40

Which process involves the exchange of genetic material between different species through hybridization and repeated backcrossing?

Hybridization

Introgression

Polyploidy

25 / 40

Which term describes a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants?

Paraphyletic group

Monophyletic group

Polyphyletic group

26 / 40

What is the term for the study of the similarities and differences in the genetic makeup of organisms?

Molecular biology

Comparative genomics

Population genetics

27 / 40

What is the name of the principle that states each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time?

Natural selection

Common descent

Convergent evolution

28 / 40

Which type of selection favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes?

Stabilizing selection

Directional selection

Disruptive selection

29 / 40

Which evolutionary process involves the change in allele frequencies due to chance events in small populations?

Genetic drift

Gene flow

Natural selection

30 / 40

Which principle suggests that changes in allele frequencies occur randomly and can lead to the fixation or loss of alleles?

Genetic drift

Gene flow

Natural selection

31 / 40

What is the name of the principle that describes how allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless disturbed?

Darwin's principle

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Mendelian inheritance

32 / 40

Which type of molecular marker is based on differences in the number of repeated DNA sequences?

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

Restriction enzymes

Microsatellites

33 / 40

Which method reconstructs evolutionary relationships based on the order of appearance in the fossil record?

Paleontology

Stratigraphy

Radiometric dating

34 / 40

What is the term for structures that have reduced in size and function compared to ancestral counterparts?

Homologous structures

Vestigial structures

Analogous structures

35 / 40

Which method uses morphological traits to infer evolutionary relationships before the advent of molecular techniques?

Paleontology

Morphological phylogenetics

Fossil record

36 / 40

What term describes the concept that some traits persist because they are associated with other beneficial traits?

Linkage disequilibrium

Genetic correlation

Pleiotropy

37 / 40

What is the name of the process by which new species arise within the same geographic area without geographic isolation?

Allopatric speciation

Parapatric speciation

Sympatric speciation

38 / 40

What is the name of the principle that states the simplest explanation that fits the data is preferred?

Occam's Razor

Parsimony

Hypothesis testing

39 / 40

What is the term for the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among groups of organisms?

Systematics

Genetics

Paleontology

40 / 40

Which method reconstructs evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characters?

Molecular clock

Cladistics

Bioinformatics

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adminJune 13, 2024Last Updated: October 15, 2024

0 8 2 minutes read