Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships MCQs with Answers

adminJune 13, 2024Last Updated: October 15, 2024

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Welcome to the Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships MCQs with Answers. In this post, we have shared Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships Online Test for different competitive exams. Find practice Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships Practice Questions with answers in Biology Tests exams here. Each question offers a chance to enhance your knowledge regarding Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships.

That part of biology, which connects the study of how organisms evolve besides their relations, is known as phylogenetics. This area reconstructs the evolutionary history and species relationships through analyses carried out from genetic, morphological, and biochemical data. Besides explaining how different organisms share common ancestry, it explains their evolution over time.

Evolutionary relationships usually are represented as phylogenetic trees or cladograms and have reconstructed the patterns of branching of evolution. Trees show how species- or populations of species-have diverged over geological time from their common ancestors. Trees enable one to infer the sequence of evolutionary events and the relative timing of speciation events.

Molecular phylogenetics aims to trace through the course of evolution of species through DNA and protein sequences. Advances in genomics and bioinformatics have made filling in detailed genetic information relatively easier in constructing accurate phylogenetic trees.

Apart from tracing the evolutionary history, phylogenetics further aids in the description of species classification and taxonomy. It may also reveal many relationships; for instance, there may be ancestors in common for mammals or it might establish some relationship between plants and fungi on their basis of evolution.

Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships Online Quiz

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Test Name: Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships MCQ Quiz Practice
Type: Quiz Test
Total Questions: 40
Total Marks: 40
Time: 40 minutes

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Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships

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1 / 40

What is the term for structures that have reduced in size and function compared to ancestral counterparts?

Analogous structures

Homologous structures

Vestigial structures

2 / 40

What is the term for the study of the evolution of behavior, emphasizing the role of natural selection?

Ecology

Ethology

Epidemiology

3 / 40

Which evolutionary process involves the movement of individuals between populations, resulting in genetic mixing?

Bottleneck effect

Gene flow

Genetic drift

4 / 40

Which molecular clock hypothesis suggests that the rate of molecular evolution is constant over time?

Rate constancy

Neutral theory

Gradualism

5 / 40

What term describes the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time?

Biogeography

Epidemiology

Anthropology

6 / 40

Which molecular technique is commonly used to determine phylogenetic relationships among species?

DNA sequencing

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

7 / 40

What is the name of the concept that describes the evolutionary adaptation of species to specific ecological niches?

Adaptive radiation

Coevolution

Genetic drift

8 / 40

Which type of molecular marker is based on differences in the number of repeated DNA sequences?

Restriction enzymes

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

Microsatellites

9 / 40

What term describes the evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures?

Convergent evolution

Adaptive radiation

Divergent evolution

10 / 40

What is the name of the principle that states each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time?

Natural selection

Common descent

Convergent evolution

11 / 40

Which scientist proposed the theory of natural selection?

Gregor Mendel

Charles Darwin

Linnaeus

12 / 40

What is the term for structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins?

Homologous structures

Vestigial structures

Analogous structures

13 / 40

Which concept states that changes in the phenotype of an organism during its lifetime are not inherited by offspring?

Darwinism

Lamarckism

Mendelism

14 / 40

What is the term for a group of species that share a common ancestor but not all descendants?

Paraphyletic group

Monophyletic group

Polyphyletic group

15 / 40

Which process involves the exchange of genetic material between different species through hybridization and repeated backcrossing?

Hybridization

Introgression

Polyploidy

16 / 40

Which scientist developed the binomial nomenclature system for naming species?

Charles Darwin

Gregor Mendel

Carl Linnaeus

17 / 40

Which type of molecular marker is used to infer phylogenetic relationships based on the order of DNA base pairs?

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

Restriction enzymes

Sequence data

18 / 40

What is the name of the hypothesis that proposes that major evolutionary changes occur in sudden bursts rather than gradually?

Punctuated equilibrium

Adaptive radiation

Gradualism

19 / 40

Which term describes a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants?

Paraphyletic group

Monophyletic group

Polyphyletic group

20 / 40

What is the name of the process by which species evolve in response to each other over time?

Coevolution

Convergent evolution

Adaptive radiation

21 / 40

What is the name of the process by which new species arise within the same geographic area without geographic isolation?

Allopatric speciation

Sympatric speciation

Parapatric speciation

22 / 40

What is the name of the principle that describes how allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless disturbed?

Mendelian inheritance

Darwin's principle

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

23 / 40

What term describes the concept that some traits persist because they are associated with other beneficial traits?

Genetic correlation

Linkage disequilibrium

Pleiotropy

24 / 40

What is the term for the study of the similarities and differences in the genetic makeup of organisms?

Comparative genomics

Molecular biology

Population genetics

25 / 40

What term describes the geographic separation of populations, leading to reproductive isolation and speciation?

Allopatric speciation

Sympatric speciation

Parapatric speciation

26 / 40

Which method uses morphological traits to infer evolutionary relationships before the advent of molecular techniques?

Morphological phylogenetics

Fossil record

Paleontology

27 / 40

What is the term for the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among groups of organisms?

Paleontology

Systematics

Genetics

28 / 40

What term describes the adaptation of an ancestral group of organisms to different ecological niches?

Divergent evolution

Convergent evolution

Adaptive radiation

29 / 40

What is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms called?

Paleontology

Phylogenetics

Genetics

30 / 40

Which evolutionary process involves the divergence of populations leading to new species?

Genetic drift

Convergent evolution

Speciation

31 / 40

Which principle suggests that changes in allele frequencies occur randomly and can lead to the fixation or loss of alleles?

Gene flow

Natural selection

Genetic drift

32 / 40

Which method reconstructs evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characters?

Bioinformatics

Molecular clock

Cladistics

33 / 40

What is the name of the principle that states the simplest explanation that fits the data is preferred?

Occam's Razor

Parsimony

Hypothesis testing

34 / 40

Which type of selection favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes?

Directional selection

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

35 / 40

Which type of homology is based on similarities due to common ancestry?

Homologous structures

Vestigial structures

Analogous structures

36 / 40

Which method reconstructs evolutionary relationships based on shared similarities and differences in morphology?

Morphological phylogenetics

Paleontology

Molecular phylogenetics

37 / 40

Which method reconstructs evolutionary relationships based on the order of appearance in the fossil record?

Radiometric dating

Stratigraphy

Paleontology

38 / 40

Which concept explains why some traits persist in a population despite being disadvantageous?

Genetic drift

Evolutionary constraint

Stabilizing selection

39 / 40

Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range?

Disruptive selection

Directional selection

Stabilizing selection

40 / 40

Which evolutionary process involves the change in allele frequencies due to chance events in small populations?

Genetic drift

Natural selection

Gene flow

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adminJune 13, 2024Last Updated: October 15, 2024

0 5 2 minutes read