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| The terms epigenetics and chromatin biology both refer to fields of study that describe how gene expression can be regulated without any change in the DNA sequence lying beneath. Epigenetics are heritable changes in gene expression caused by DNA methylation, histone modifications, among mechanisms related to noncoding RNAs. Chromatin biology studies the structure of chromatin-the complex comprising both DNA and histone proteins, which make up chromosomes-and how its organization controls gene activity. Chromatin is the material that forms chromosomes and thus represents one of the major regulatory factors for access of genetic information. How the DNA packs into chromatin determines what is available to be transcribed, genes or tightly packed and silent. The structure in histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation will determine the expression of genes by making acetylating histones generally accessible for transcription of the gene but may silence a gene through methylation. Epigenetic changes have been extensively known to affect the process of cell functions and development. Such changes are associated with cellular differentiation, X-chromosome inactivation, and genomic imprinting. Apart from that, epigenetic mark alterations have also been implicated in several diseases; mostly cancer; disruptions in the epigenetic regulation of a cell triggers the growth of cancerous cells. Epigenetic and chromatin biology research contributes to the understanding of gene expression regulation, and the findings can be particularly useful in the development of targeted therapies and personalized medicine. Understanding the complexity of chromatin dynamics, including epigenetic regulations, is poised to forecast novel therapeutic strategies for genetic disorders as well as health outcomes. |
Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Online Quiz
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- Test Name: Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology MCQ Quiz Practice
- Type: Quiz Test
- Total Questions: 40
- Total Marks: 40
- Time: 40 minutes
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