Plant Genetics and Breeding MCQs with Answers

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Welcome to the Plant Genetics and Breeding MCQs with Answers. In this post, we have shared Plant Genetics and Breeding Online Test for different competitive exams. Find practice Plant Genetics and Breeding Practice Questions with answers in Biology Tests exams here. Each question offers a chance to enhance your knowledge regarding Plant Genetics and Breeding.

Plant Genetics and Breeding Online Quiz

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Test Name: Plant Genetics and Breeding MCQ Quiz Practice
Type: Quiz Test
Total Questions: 40
Total Marks: 40
Time: 40 minutes

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Plant Genetics and Breeding

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1 / 80

What is the purpose of plant tissue culture in genetics?

To increase leaf size

To propagate plants from a small tissue sample

To measure photosynthesis

2 / 80

What is the purpose of cryopreservation in plant biotechnology?

a. Long-term storage

c. Controlling pests

b. Enhancing growth rate

3 / 80

What is a mutation in the context of plant genetics?

A change in the DNA sequence

A type of breeding technique

A type of genetic marker

4 / 80

What is the primary purpose of a transgenic plant?

b. To increase size

a. To express foreign genes

c. To change color

5 / 80

What is the role of a gene promoter in plant genetics?

To encode a protein

To terminate transcription

To initiate transcription

6 / 80

What is backcrossing in plant breeding?

Self-pollination

Crossing a hybrid with one of its parents

Crossing two hybrids

7 / 80

What is the purpose of tissue culture in plant biotechnology?

c. Enhancing sunlight

a. Cloning plants

b. Increasing soil pH

8 / 80

What is the purpose of RNA sequencing in plant research?

c. Increasing protein production

b. Studying mutations

a. Analyzing gene expression

9 / 80

What is genetic diversity and why is it important in plant breeding?

The number of chromosomes

Variation in genes that allows adaptation to changing environments

Uniformity in genes

10 / 80

What is the term for different forms of a gene?

Loci

Alleles

Chromatids

11 / 80

What is the process by which pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma?

Pollination

Germination

Fertilization

12 / 80

What is a somatic hybridization in plants?

a. Fusion of protoplasts

b. Crossing different species

c. Inducing mutations

13 / 80

Which technique is used to verify the presence of a specific DNA sequence in a sample?

a. Gel electrophoresis

c. Spectrophotometry

b. Chromatography

14 / 80

What is a quantitative trait locus (QTL)?

A region of DNA associated with a particular phenotypic trait

A type of mutation

A specific gene

15 / 80

What is the term for the genetic material exchanged between different species?

Genetic drift

Horizontal gene transfer

Vertical gene transfer

16 / 80

What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

To join DNA fragments

To replicate DNA

To cut DNA

17 / 80

What is the main goal of plant biotechnology?

b. Increasing water usage

c. Reducing sunlight exposure

a. Improving plant traits

18 / 80

What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle in genetics?

A type of breeding technique

A method of DNA sequencing

A principle that predicts allele frequencies in a population under certain conditions

19 / 80

What is a transgene?

c. A translocated gene

b. A transferred gene

a. A mutated gene

20 / 80

What is the process by which DNA is copied in plants?

Replication

Transcription

Translation

21 / 80

What is the main purpose of plant breeding?

To increase plant respiration

To reduce photosynthesis

To improve crop yield and quality

22 / 80

What is the term for a plant with two sets of chromosomes?

Diploid

Polyploid

Haploid

23 / 80

What is the role of auxins in plant growth?

To induce flowering

To promote cell elongation

To inhibit growth

24 / 80

Which method is used to determine the location of a gene on a chromosome?

b. Genome editing

c. Metabolic profiling

a. Genetic mapping

25 / 80

What is the function of the shoot apical meristem in tissue culture?

a. Regenerating shoots

b. Producing seeds

c. Absorbing nutrients

26 / 80

What is the function of ribosomes in plant cells?

To synthesize proteins

To replicate DNA

To transcribe RNA

27 / 80

In genetic mapping, what is a genetic marker used to identify?

c. Mutations

b. Chromosomes

a. Genes

28 / 80

Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified (GM) crop?

a. Soybean

c. Barley

b. Wheat

29 / 80

Which technique allows for the creation of identical plants from a single parent plant?

c. Hybridization

a. Crossbreeding

b. Cloning

30 / 80

What is a cultivar?

A plant variety that has been produced through selective breeding

A genetically modified plant

A wild type plant

31 / 80

What is a genetic map?

A diagram of plant roots

A diagram showing the location of genes on a chromosome

A map of plant distribution

32 / 80

What is marker-assisted selection?

Using molecular markers to select for desirable traits

Using physical markers

Selecting plants based on height

33 / 80

What is the function of plant hormones in tissue culture?

b. Enhancing color

a. Controlling growth

c. Increasing temperature

34 / 80

What is the difference between monocots and dicots?

Monocots have one seed leaf, dicots have two

Both have three seed leaves

Dicots have one seed leaf, monocots have two

35 / 80

What is the purpose of marker-assisted selection in plant breeding?

a. Identifying desirable traits

b. Enhancing soil fertility

c. Preventing disease

36 / 80

What is the function of a selectable marker in plant transformation?

a. Identifying clones

c. Providing nutrients

b. Enhancing yield

37 / 80

Which enzyme is commonly used to cut DNA at specific sequences in genetic engineering?

b. Polymerase

c. Restriction enzyme

a. Ligase

38 / 80

What is RNA interference (RNAi) used for in plants?

c. Protein synthesis inhibition

b. Gene amplification

a. Gene silencing

39 / 80

What is a bioinformatics tool commonly used in plant genomics?

b. ELISA

c. PCR

a. BLAST

40 / 80

What is the purpose of a vector in genetic engineering?

b. Cloning DNA

a. Cutting DNA

c. Carrying DNA into cells

41 / 80

What is the purpose of a gene bank?

To grow experimental crops

To store plant nutrients

To preserve genetic material

42 / 80

What is the term for the complete set of genetic material in a plant?

Genome

Gene

Chromosome

43 / 80

What is the term for plants that have been genetically modified?

Heirlooms

GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)

Hybrids

44 / 80

Which method is commonly used for gene expression analysis in plants?

b. Northern blotting

a. Southern blotting

c. RT-PCR

45 / 80

What is the function of auxins in plant tissue culture?

c. Suppressing pathogens

b. Enhancing leaf color

a. Stimulating root growth

46 / 80

What is the role of mitochondria in plant cells?

To store water

To produce energy through respiration

To conduct photosynthesis

47 / 80

What is the primary function of stomata in plants?

Nutrient transport

Water absorption

Gas exchange

48 / 80

What is the role of gibberellins in plants?

To promote stem elongation and seed germination

To induce dormancy

To inhibit growth

49 / 80

Which technique is used to amplify a specific segment of DNA?

b. Southern blotting

a. PCR

c. Gel electrophoresis

50 / 80

Which of the following is a type of plant tissue culture?

b. Hydroponics

c. Callus culture

a. Grafting

51 / 80

What is the purpose of gene stacking in genetically modified crops?

c. Increasing yield

a. Combining multiple traits

b. Reducing allergens

52 / 80

Which term refers to the deliberate modification of an organism’s genome using biotechnology?

c. Evolutionary adaptation

b. Natural selection

a. Genetic engineering

53 / 80

What is the function of a plasmid in genetic engineering?

c. Protects from viruses

b. Produces ATP

a. Carries foreign DNA

54 / 80

What is the role of agrobacterium in genetic engineering of plants?

a. Producing hormones

b. Delivering DNA

c. Enhancing photosynthesis

55 / 80

What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in agriculture?

a. Producing oxygen

b. Fixing atmospheric nitrogen

c. Enhancing root growth

56 / 80

What is a gene knockout?

c. Modifying a gene

b. Inserting a gene

a. Inactivating a gene

57 / 80

What is the term for breeding plants with desirable traits?

Random mating

Genetic drift

Selective breeding

58 / 80

What is a protoplast in plant biology?

a. Cell without a cell wall

b. Pollen-producing cell

c. Dormant seed

59 / 80

What is heterosis or hybrid vigor?

The dominance of one allele

The phenomenon where hybrids show superior traits compared to parents

The occurrence of mutations

60 / 80

Which process involves the transfer of pollen from one plant to another?

b. Pollination

c. Germination

a. Fertilization

61 / 80

Which term describes the selective breeding of plants to produce offspring with specific traits?

b. Plant cloning

c. Plant transformation

a. Plant breeding

62 / 80

What is a phenotype?

A segment of DNA

The observable traits of an organism

The genetic makeup of an organism

63 / 80

What is the main advantage of using molecular markers in plant breeding?

To measure plant height

To increase mutation rate

To identify specific genes

64 / 80

Which type of mutation affects a single base pair?

c. Chromosomal mutation

b. Frame-shift mutation

a. Point mutation

65 / 80

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

To produce ATP

To conduct photosynthesis

To store genetic material

66 / 80

What is the role of ethylene in plants?

To promote fruit ripening

To induce dormancy

To inhibit growth

67 / 80

What is the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy?

Transpiration

Photosynthesis

Respiration

68 / 80

What is the technique used to amplify DNA sequences?

DNA sequencing

Gel electrophoresis

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

69 / 80

What is a transgenic plant?

A plant with two sets of chromosomes

A plant with a mutation

A plant that contains a gene from another species

70 / 80

What is the term for the physical and physiological traits of a plant?

Phenotype

Genotype

Genome

71 / 80

Which technique is used to introduce DNA into plant cells by using a small gene gun?

a. Biolistics

c. Microinjection

b. Electroporation

72 / 80

Which term describes the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence?

b. Mutagenesis

a. Epigenetics

c. Transcription

73 / 80

Which type of plant breeding involves crossing genetically distinct parents?

b. Hybridization

a. Inbreeding

c. Self-pollination

74 / 80

What is an example of a polyploid crop?

Corn

Wheat

Rice

75 / 80

What is the role of phytohormones in plant tissue culture?

b. Storing nutrients

a. Regulating growth

c. Reproducing flowers

76 / 80

What is the basic unit of heredity in plants?

Gene

Nucleotide

Chromosome

77 / 80

What technique is used to introduce genes into plants?

b. Western blotting

a. PCR

c. Transformation

78 / 80

What is the term for self-pollination in plants?

Allogamy

Autogamy

Cross-pollination

79 / 80

What is the function of CRISPR-Cas9 in plant biotechnology?

b. Protein synthesis

c. Chlorophyll production

a. Gene editing

80 / 80

What is a hybrid plant?

A plant grown in a laboratory

A plant produced by crossing two different parent plants

A plant with mutations

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