Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships MCQs with Answers

adminJune 13, 2024Last Updated: October 15, 2024

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Welcome to the Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships MCQs with Answers. In this post, we have shared Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships Online Test for different competitive exams. Find practice Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships Practice Questions with answers in Biology Tests exams here. Each question offers a chance to enhance your knowledge regarding Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships.

That part of biology, which connects the study of how organisms evolve besides their relations, is known as phylogenetics. This area reconstructs the evolutionary history and species relationships through analyses carried out from genetic, morphological, and biochemical data. Besides explaining how different organisms share common ancestry, it explains their evolution over time.

Evolutionary relationships usually are represented as phylogenetic trees or cladograms and have reconstructed the patterns of branching of evolution. Trees show how species- or populations of species-have diverged over geological time from their common ancestors. Trees enable one to infer the sequence of evolutionary events and the relative timing of speciation events.

Molecular phylogenetics aims to trace through the course of evolution of species through DNA and protein sequences. Advances in genomics and bioinformatics have made filling in detailed genetic information relatively easier in constructing accurate phylogenetic trees.

Apart from tracing the evolutionary history, phylogenetics further aids in the description of species classification and taxonomy. It may also reveal many relationships; for instance, there may be ancestors in common for mammals or it might establish some relationship between plants and fungi on their basis of evolution.

Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships Online Quiz

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Test Name: Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships MCQ Quiz Practice
Type: Quiz Test
Total Questions: 40
Total Marks: 40
Time: 40 minutes

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Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Relationships

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1 / 40

Which concept explains why some traits persist in a population despite being disadvantageous?

Evolutionary constraint

Genetic drift

Stabilizing selection

2 / 40

What is the term for the study of the evolution of behavior, emphasizing the role of natural selection?

Ethology

Epidemiology

Ecology

3 / 40

Which term describes a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants?

Polyphyletic group

Monophyletic group

Paraphyletic group

4 / 40

Which type of molecular marker is used to infer phylogenetic relationships based on the order of DNA base pairs?

Sequence data

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

Restriction enzymes

5 / 40

Which method reconstructs evolutionary relationships based on the order of appearance in the fossil record?

Radiometric dating

Stratigraphy

Paleontology

6 / 40

What is the term for the study of the similarities and differences in the genetic makeup of organisms?

Comparative genomics

Molecular biology

Population genetics

7 / 40

What is the name of the hypothesis that proposes that major evolutionary changes occur in sudden bursts rather than gradually?

Gradualism

Punctuated equilibrium

Adaptive radiation

8 / 40

What is the term for a group of species that share a common ancestor but not all descendants?

Polyphyletic group

Monophyletic group

Paraphyletic group

9 / 40

Which molecular technique is commonly used to determine phylogenetic relationships among species?

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

DNA sequencing

10 / 40

What is the term for structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins?

Vestigial structures

Analogous structures

Homologous structures

11 / 40

What is the name of the concept that describes the evolutionary adaptation of species to specific ecological niches?

Adaptive radiation

Coevolution

Genetic drift

12 / 40

What term describes the geographic separation of populations, leading to reproductive isolation and speciation?

Sympatric speciation

Parapatric speciation

Allopatric speciation

13 / 40

Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range?

Directional selection

Disruptive selection

Stabilizing selection

14 / 40

What is the name of the principle that states each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time?

Natural selection

Common descent

Convergent evolution

15 / 40

Which type of selection favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes?

Directional selection

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

16 / 40

Which molecular clock hypothesis suggests that the rate of molecular evolution is constant over time?

Gradualism

Rate constancy

Neutral theory

17 / 40

What term describes the concept that some traits persist because they are associated with other beneficial traits?

Linkage disequilibrium

Pleiotropy

Genetic correlation

18 / 40

What is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms called?

Genetics

Paleontology

Phylogenetics

19 / 40

What is the term for structures that have reduced in size and function compared to ancestral counterparts?

Homologous structures

Analogous structures

Vestigial structures

20 / 40

Which type of molecular marker is based on differences in the number of repeated DNA sequences?

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

Restriction enzymes

Microsatellites

21 / 40

Which principle suggests that changes in allele frequencies occur randomly and can lead to the fixation or loss of alleles?

Gene flow

Genetic drift

Natural selection

22 / 40

What is the name of the process by which species evolve in response to each other over time?

Coevolution

Convergent evolution

Adaptive radiation

23 / 40

Which type of homology is based on similarities due to common ancestry?

Homologous structures

Analogous structures

Vestigial structures

24 / 40

What is the name of the principle that describes how allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless disturbed?

Darwin's principle

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Mendelian inheritance

25 / 40

Which scientist proposed the theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Linnaeus

Gregor Mendel

26 / 40

Which evolutionary process involves the divergence of populations leading to new species?

Speciation

Genetic drift

Convergent evolution

27 / 40

Which evolutionary process involves the change in allele frequencies due to chance events in small populations?

Genetic drift

Natural selection

Gene flow

28 / 40

What term describes the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time?

Epidemiology

Biogeography

Anthropology

29 / 40

Which method uses morphological traits to infer evolutionary relationships before the advent of molecular techniques?

Fossil record

Morphological phylogenetics

Paleontology

30 / 40

Which scientist developed the binomial nomenclature system for naming species?

Carl Linnaeus

Gregor Mendel

Charles Darwin

31 / 40

What is the term for the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among groups of organisms?

Genetics

Paleontology

Systematics

32 / 40

Which method reconstructs evolutionary relationships based on shared similarities and differences in morphology?

Morphological phylogenetics

Paleontology

Molecular phylogenetics

33 / 40

Which method reconstructs evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characters?

Molecular clock

Bioinformatics

Cladistics

34 / 40

Which evolutionary process involves the movement of individuals between populations, resulting in genetic mixing?

Bottleneck effect

Gene flow

Genetic drift

35 / 40

What term describes the adaptation of an ancestral group of organisms to different ecological niches?

Divergent evolution

Adaptive radiation

Convergent evolution

36 / 40

Which process involves the exchange of genetic material between different species through hybridization and repeated backcrossing?

Hybridization

Polyploidy

Introgression

37 / 40

What is the name of the principle that states the simplest explanation that fits the data is preferred?

Hypothesis testing

Parsimony

Occam's Razor

38 / 40

Which concept states that changes in the phenotype of an organism during its lifetime are not inherited by offspring?

Mendelism

Darwinism

Lamarckism

39 / 40

What is the name of the process by which new species arise within the same geographic area without geographic isolation?

Sympatric speciation

Allopatric speciation

Parapatric speciation

40 / 40

What term describes the evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures?

Divergent evolution

Convergent evolution

Adaptive radiation

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adminJune 13, 2024Last Updated: October 15, 2024

0 8 2 minutes read