Microbial Physiology and Metabolism MCQs with Answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3) in nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Which metabolic pathway involves the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2?

Which metabolic pathway involves the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH?

Which process involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia?

What type of transport system in bacteria involves the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP?

Which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during bacterial respiration?

Which process involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane in response to solute concentration differences?

Which molecule is synthesized during the light-dependent reactions of bacterial photosynthesis?

What is the primary energy source used by phototrophic bacteria for photosynthesis?

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of lactose into glucose and galactose in bacteria?

What is the name of the process by which bacteria regulate their internal pH by pumping out protons?

Which process involves the synthesis of ATP using energy derived from the flow of protons across a membrane?

What is the primary function of bacterial flagella?

Which metabolic pathway involves the conversion of ammonia into nitrite and nitrate in bacteria?

Which metabolic pathway involves the conversion of acetyl-CoA to fatty acids in bacteria?

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template in bacteria?

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP) in bacteria?

Which molecule serves as the primary electron carrier in bacterial electron transport chains?

Which metabolic pathway converts glucose into pyruvate?

What is the primary function of bacteriochlorophyll in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria?

Which process involves the breakdown of glucose to produce two molecules of pyruvate?

Which enzyme is involved in the fixation of carbon dioxide during bacterial photosynthesis?

What is the primary function of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in bacteria?

What is the primary function of bacteriorhodopsin in halophilic archaea?

What is the primary function of the pentose phosphate pathway in bacteria?

Which metabolic pathway involves the oxidation of amino acids to produce ammonia in bacteria?

What is the name of the process by which bacteria synthesize proteins using mRNA as a template?

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose in bacteria?

Which process allows bacteria to move toward or away from chemical gradients in their environment?

What is the name of the process by which bacteria transfer genetic material via viruses?

What is the name of the process by which bacteria take up DNA from their environment?

What is the primary function of gas vesicles in aquatic bacteria?

What is the name of the process by which bacteria convert nitrate to nitrogen gas?

What is the name of the process by which bacteria exchange genetic material through direct cell-to-cell contact?

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen in bacteria?

Which metabolic pathway involves the reduction of nitrate to nitrite in bacteria?

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of starch into maltose and glucose in bacteria?

Which metabolic pathway involves the oxidation of fatty acids to generate acetyl-CoA molecules?

What type of respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing lactic acid or ethanol as end products?

What is the name of the process by which bacteria regulate their internal osmotic pressure by actively pumping out ions?