Molecular Evolution MCQs with Answers

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Molecular Evolution Online Quiz

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• Test Name: Molecular Evolution MCQ Quiz Practice
• Type: Quiz Test
• Total Questions: 40
• Total Marks: 40
• Time: 40 minutes

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Molecular Evolution

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1 / 40

What is a homologous gene?

Genes that have similar functions

Genes that are identical

Genes that share a common ancestry

2 / 40

What is a molecular signature of selection?

A genetic drift pattern

A random mutation

A distinctive pattern in DNA that indicates natural selection

3 / 40

What is an exon?

A non-coding region

A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing coding information

A type of intron

4 / 40

What is the neutral theory of molecular evolution?

All changes are due to natural selection

Evolution is guided by genetic engineering

Most evolutionary changes are the result of genetic drift of mutant alleles that are neutral

5 / 40

What is a paralogous gene?

Genes related by duplication within a genome

Genes in different species with a common ancestor

Genes with no functional importance

6 / 40

What is purifying selection?

The selective removal of alleles that are deleterious

The promotion of beneficial alleles

The random change in allele frequencies

7 / 40

What is the principle of maximum parsimony in phylogenetics?

Phylogenetic trees should always be symmetrical

The most complex explanation is preferred

The simplest explanation or path is preferred in constructing phylogenetic trees

8 / 40

What is an intron?

A non-coding section of a gene that is removed before translation

A protein sequence

A coding sequence

9 / 40

What is a lineage-specific expansion?

The random drift of genes in a population

An increase in the number of genes within a gene family in a particular lineage

The deletion of genes in a lineage

10 / 40

What is a molecular signature?

A type of genetic marker

A distinctive pattern in the molecular sequence data that provides insights into evolutionary processes

A physical trait used for identification

11 / 40

What is gene duplication?

The loss of a gene

The creation of an extra copy of a gene within the genome

The mutation of a gene

12 / 40

What is a molecular phylogeny?

A tree showing the evolutionary relationships based on molecular data

A tree of ecosystem dynamics

A tree showing physical traits

13 / 40

What is a pseudogene?

A gene undergoing transcription

A gene with a new function

A gene that has lost its function due to mutations

14 / 40

What is genetic recombination?

The cloning of genes

The mutation of genes

The exchange of genetic material between different organisms

15 / 40

What is selective pressure?

Gene flow

Random genetic drift

An environmental factor that influences the survival and reproduction of organisms

16 / 40

What is gene flow?

Mutation of genes

Natural selection

The transfer of genetic variation between populations

17 / 40

What is a haplotype?

A method of sequencing DNA

A group of genes within an organism that was inherited together from a single parent

A type of mutation

18 / 40

What is the role of mutations in molecular evolution?

They introduce genetic variation

They eliminate species

They have no role in evolution

19 / 40

What is an orthologous gene?

Genes within a species that originated from gene duplication

Genes that do not share any similarity

Genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene

20 / 40

What is horizontal gene transfer?

The deletion of genes from the genome

The movement of genetic material between organisms other than by vertical transmission

The inheritance of genes from parent to offspring

21 / 40

What is molecular adaptation?

Genetic changes that enhance the survival and reproduction of organisms in specific environments

Gene flow between populations

Random genetic drift

22 / 40

What is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?

A type of gene flow

A large-scale chromosomal rearrangement

A variation at a single position in a DNA sequence among individuals

23 / 40

What is positive selection?

The transfer of genes between populations

The removal of harmful alleles

The process by which new advantageous genetic variants sweep a population

24 / 40

What is the main goal of comparative genomics?

To study protein-protein interactions

To understand the structure and function of genomes by comparing different species

To sequence the genome of a single species

25 / 40

What is genetic drift?

Selection for advantageous traits

A change in allele frequencies due to random sampling effects

The introduction of new mutations

26 / 40

What is a phylogenetic footprint?

A conserved sequence found in multiple species indicating a shared evolutionary origin

A mutation shared among species

A unique mutation in one species

27 / 40

What is coalescent theory?

A retrospective model of population genetics that traces all alleles of a gene in a population back to a single ancestral copy

The theory of gene duplication

The model of genetic drift

28 / 40

What is the purpose of a bootstrap analysis in phylogenetics?

Sequencing genomes

Calculating mutation rates

Assessing the reliability of a phylogenetic tree

29 / 40

What is adaptive evolution?

Evolution leading to extinction

Evolution that results in a better fit between an organism and its environment

Evolution driven by random changes

30 / 40

What is convergent evolution?

Evolution due to shared ancestry

The independent evolution of similar features in different lineages

Evolution in a single lineage

31 / 40

What is a molecular clock?

A sequence of genes

A method to estimate the time of evolutionary divergence

A timing device in cells

32 / 40

What is a molecular marker?

A specific sequence in the genome used for identification

A protein marker

A physical trait used in phylogenetics

33 / 40

What is a synonymous mutation?

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein

A mutation that inserts a stop codon

A mutation that changes an amino acid

34 / 40

What is the function of mitochondrial DNA in studying molecular evolution?

It is responsible for all cellular functions

It codes for all proteins

It provides a molecular record of evolutionary history due to its high mutation rate and maternal inheritance

35 / 40

What is molecular evolution?

The process of evolution at the scale of DNA, RNA, and proteins

Evolution of species

Evolution of ecosystems

36 / 40

What is a bottleneck effect?

A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events

Gene flow between populations

The gradual increase in population size

37 / 40

What is genetic hitchhiking?

Genetic drift

When an allele increases in frequency because it is near another gene that is undergoing a selective sweep

A mutation that spreads in a population

38 / 40

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A diagram of protein structures

A diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

A tree representing physical traits

39 / 40

What is a conserved sequence?

A non-functional sequence

A sequence that changes rapidly

A sequence that has remained relatively unchanged throughout evolution

40 / 40

What is a non-synonymous mutation?

A mutation that changes the amino acid sequence of a protein

A mutation that removes a gene

A mutation that does not affect protein function

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